VEGFA编码蛋白是同源二聚体糖蛋白（一种生长因子），其是血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）家族的成员。其可以是肿瘤起始的必要组分，并且是血管生成的主要刺激物。VEGFA结合受体酪氨酸激酶VEGFR1和VEGFR2以介导下游信号传导，几乎所有已知的细胞应答由VEGFR2介导。其他类型的受体有助于VEGFA信号传导，包括血小板衍生的生长因子受体和神经毡蛋白。VEGFA的表达对于介导血管生成和血管通透性，刺激血管内皮细胞的迁移和增殖至关重要。自分泌VEGF信号传导有助于血管生成和细胞增殖且已经显示出促进癌症干细胞的功能。旁分泌VEGFA信号传导还影响附近免疫细胞和成纤维细胞的功能。VEGFA的过度表达与家族性疾病Crow-Fulcase综合征相关。VEGFA通常在多种实体瘤中过表达。

VEGFA (also VEGF) is a growth factor that is a member of the family of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs). VEGFA binds the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 to mediate downstream signaling, with almost all of the known cellular responses mediated by VEGFR2. Other types of receptors contribute to VEGFA signaling, including platelet-derived growth factor receptors and neuropilins. Expression of VEGFA is critical for mediating angiogenesis and vascular permeability, stimulating the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. Autocrine VEGF signaling contributes to angiogenesis and cell proliferation and has been shown to promote the function of cancer stem cells. Paracrine VEGFA signaling also impacts the function of nearby immune cells and fibroblasts. Overexpression of VEGFA has been associated with the familial disorder Crow-Fulcase syndrome that is characterized by reduced vasopermeability. VEGFA predominantly functions as an oncogene in human cancers and is commonly overexpressed in many solid tumor types, likely mediating enhanced tumor angiogenesis. The VEGFA inhibitors bevacizumab and aflibercept are FDA-approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and glioblastoma.

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