TOP1是抑癌基因，编码蛋白（DNA拓扑异构酶1）是一种DNA拓扑异构酶，催化转录过程中发生的DNA缠结的分解。这种酯交换反应导致DNA链断裂和随后的再连接。TOP1活性降低导致肿瘤发生过程中的基因组不稳定性和DNA重排的产生。DNA的不适当解离会导致DNA损伤和细胞死亡，特别是在快速分裂的细胞中。TOP1拷贝数的改变和高表达水平已在各种癌症中报道，并且被认为增加对TOP1抑制剂的易感性。

TOP1 (DNA topoisomerase 1) is a DNA topoisomerase that catalyzes the decatenation of DNA entanglements that occur during transcription. This transesterification reaction results in the breaking of a DNA strand and subsequent rejoining. Decreased TOP1 activity results in genomic instability and the generation of DNA rearrangements during oncogenesis. Improper disentanglement of DNA leads to DNA damage and cell death, especially in rapidly dividing cells. This vulnerability is leveraged by TOP1 inhibitors such as camptothecins, which are chemotherapeutic agents that have been extensively used to treat cancer. TOP1 copy number alterations and high expression levels have been reported in various cancers and are believed to result in increased susceptibility to TOP1 inhibitors. However, TOP1 mutations in cell line studies confer relative resistance to TOP1 inhibitors.

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