RPTOR
小结
RPTOR是致癌基因，编码蛋白（mTOR调控相关蛋白）是一种调控mTORC1的组装、定位和底物结合的支架蛋白。RPTOR/raptor是mTRORC1复合体的独特成员，可作为支架蛋白，对mTORC1复合物活性至关重要。mTORC1是蛋白质合成的关键调节因子。RPTOR结合翻译调节物4E-BP1和mTORC1，然后直接对4E-BP1磷酸化，这反过来又促进蛋白质合成。mTORC1还控制增殖细胞产生膜所需的脂质的合成。mTOR信号通路在肿瘤发病机制中具有重要意义。mTORC1上游通路的许多成分在人类癌症中发生突变。
RPTOR (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR) encodes a scaffolding protein that regulates the assembly, localization and substrate binding of mTORC1. mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is an atypical serine-threonine protein kinase that belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase family. It interacts with several proteins to form two distinct complexes named mTOR complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2). RPTOR/raptor is a unique member of the mTRORC1 complex and serves as a scaffolding protein and is essential for mTORC1 complex activity. mTORC1 is a key regulator of protein synthesis. RPTOR binds to the translational regulator 4E-BP1 and mTORC1 then directly phosphorylates 4E-BP1, which, in turn, promotes protein synthesis mTORC1 also controls the synthesis of lipids required for proliferating cells to generate membranes. The mTOR pathway is of great importance in cancer pathogenesis. Many components of the pathway upstream of mTORC1 are mutated in human cancers. Derivatives of rapamycin (rapalogs) that potently inhibit mTOR activity are tested in different cancer types some of which are clinically approved.