RICTOR
小结
RICTOR是致癌基因，编码蛋白（mTOR的雷帕霉素不敏感伴侣）是mTOR复合物-2（mTOR2）的核心组分，mTOR复合物-2还包括mTOR，mLST8，DEPTOR，PRAS40，SIN1和PROTOR1 / 2。RICTOR是几种AGC激酶家族成员的上游激酶，包括AKT / PKB，PKC（蛋白激酶C）和SGK1（血清 - 糖皮质激素诱导的蛋白激酶-1）。响应于生长因子，mTOR2磷酸化并活化这些激酶以调节细胞骨架组织，细胞增殖和存活。RICTOR还与mTOR独立的因子相关，并且RICTOR的一些不太充分表征的mTOR非依赖性功能调节细胞形态，迁移和蛋白质降解。RICTOR的过表达与肝细胞癌，子宫内膜癌，垂体腺瘤和胃癌中的肿瘤进展和不良存活呈正相关。RICTOR在各种癌症类型中已扩增或突变形式存在。
The RICTOR (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR) gene encodes a core component of the mTOR complex-2 (mTOR2), which also includes mTOR, mLST8, DEPTOR, PRAS40, SIN1, and PROTOR1/2. RICTOR is an upstream kinase for several AGC kinase family members, including AKT/PKB, PKC (protein kinase C) and SGK1 (serum-glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase-1). In response to growth factors, mTOR2 phosphorylates and activates these kinases to regulate cytoskeletal organization, cell proliferation and survival. Included in the mTORC2 targets is AKT, a key component in the pro-oncogenic PI3-kinase signaling pathway that regulates various cellular functions including cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. RICTOR also associates with factors independent of mTOR, and some of the less well-characterized mTOR-independent functions of RICTOR include regulation of cell morphology, migration and protein degradation. Overexpression of RICTOR is positively associated with tumor progression and poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, pituitary adenoma and gastric cancer. Upregulation of RICTOR is associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis, suggesting RICTOR as a potential biomarker for prognosis and stratification of patients with RCC. The RICTOR locus is amplified in melanoma and lung cancer.