PPARG
小结
PPARG编码过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）核受体亚家族。PPAR-γ与维甲酸X 受体-α形成异二聚体，以响应过氧化物酶体增殖剂，并激活参与脂肪生成、脂质代谢、葡萄糖稳态、动脉粥样硬化、炎症和肿瘤易感性的各种基因的表达。在甲状腺滤泡癌中检测到PPARG与PAX8的融合突变，该融合突变类似于癌蛋白。
PPARG, a nuclear receptor, is known to behave as an oncoprotein when fused with with PAX8 in thyroid cancer. PPARG encodes the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- gamma (PPAR- γ) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPAR-γ forms a heterodimer with Retinoid X Receptor-α in response to peroxisome proliferators such as clofibric acid or to RXR-α agonists such as 9-cis-retinoic acid and activates the expression of various genes involved in the regulation of adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, atherogenesis, inflammation and tumor susceptibility. Chromosomal translocation (2;3)(q13;p25) resulting in a fusion between DNA binding domains of thyroid transcription factor Paired box gene 8 (PAX8) and PPAR- γ1 has been identified in a subset of thyroid follicular carcinomas. PAX8-PPAR-γ behaves like an oncoprotein, and its transforming properties can be attributed at least in part to a dominant negative inhibition of wildtype PPAR-γ. Ligands that activate PPAR-γ, typically thiazolidinediones, are known to sensitize a wide array of cancer cells to death receptor (DR)-mediated apoptosis, owing to de novo expression of proteins involved in regulating the cell cycle and cell survival/death, and also act as inhibitors of angiogenesis. On the contrary, PPAR-γ agonists have also been reported to increase the frequency and size of colon tumors in APCMin/+ mouse models of colon cancer.