NTRK3是致癌基因，编码蛋白（神经营养受体酪氨酸激酶3）是跨膜神经营养受体，一种受体酪氨酸激酶，通常与其配体神经营养蛋白-3（NT-3）结合后在神经细胞中被激活。NTRK3由胞外配体结合结构域、跨膜结构域和携带酪氨酸激酶结构域的细胞内区域组成。NTRK3的激活会引起自身磷酸化，以及通过MAPK、PI3K和PLC-γ控制细胞增殖、存活和分化的下游信号通路的激活。NTRK3在几种人类癌症中主要以癌基因融合的形式发生改变。虽然NTRK3在某些白血病中过表达，但在乳腺癌和结肠癌中已发现其失活和转录下调，表明NTRK3可能既作为抑癌基因又作为癌基因有着双重角色。

NTRK3, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is altered by mutation or chromosomal rearrangement in a diverse range of cancers including melanoma and lung cancers.The NTRK3 (neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3) gene encodes a transmembrane neurotrophic receptor normally activated in neural cells upon binding of its main ligand, the neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). NTRK3 consists of an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular region harboring the tyrosine kinase domain. Activation of NTRK3 leads to autophosphorylation and subsequent activation of a downstream signaling pathway controlling cell proliferation, survival and differentiation via MAPK, PI3K and PLC-γ. NTRK3 has been found altered, mainly in the form of oncogenic fusions, in several human cancers. While NTRK3 is overexpressed in some leukemias it has been found inactivated and transcriptionally downregulated in breast and colon cancer showing that NTRK3 may have dual context-dependent roles as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene. Treatment strategies for NTRK3-altered cells include broad inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases as well as more specific inhibitors of the NTRK-family of kinases.

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