NRAS是原癌基因，编码蛋白是一种GTP酶，其控制细胞内致癌MAPK和PI3K信号传导途径。NRAS激活突变将酶锁定在活跃状态，通过过度激活这些下游途径引起细胞过渡增殖。NRAS突变在甲状腺癌，卵巢癌，黑素瘤和血液癌症中很常见。NRAS在发育过程中也很重要，胚系突变可增强刺激依赖性MAPK活化，并可解决Noonan综合征的某些病例。NRAS激活突变和上调将会导致对表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）抑制剂和BRAF抑制剂产生抗性。

The NRAS gene encodes a membrane-associated GTPase that controls intracellular oncogenic MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways. Activating NRAS mutations lock the enzyme in an active state causing increased cellular proliferation via hyperactivating these downstream pathways. NRAS mutations are common in thyroid cancer, ovarian cancers, melanoma and hematological cancers. NRAS is also important during development with germline mutations enhancing stimulus-dependent MAPK activation and accounting for some cases of Noonan syndrome. NRAS mutations and upregulation can also provide resistance to cancer therapies, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and BRAF inhibitors.

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