INHBA
小结
INHBA编码蛋白是（抑制素βA）是参与活化素和抑制素蛋白复合物形成的配体（在性腺和垂体中具有相反的功能），一种属于转化生长因子-β超家族的配体。INHBA可以发生同源或异源二聚以调节卵泡刺激素（FSH）的合成。INHBA与转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）跨膜受体相互作用，激活下游的TGF-β信号转导通路。在几种癌症中已经鉴定出罕见的体细胞突变和过表达。然而，在许多癌症中报道了INHBA的抗致瘤作用，主要通过Smad依赖的途径诱导生长抑制和凋亡，提示INHBA可能对肿瘤进展具有背景特异性。
INHBA (inhibin beta A) is a ligand that participates in the formation of activin and inhibin protein complexes that have opposing functions in the gonads and pituitary glands. INHBA can homo- or heterodimerize to regulate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis. INHBA interacts with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) transmembrane receptors and activates downstream TGF-β signaling. Activin complexes have been associated with regulation of cell differentiation in the ovary, placenta, prostate, and testis. Rare somatic mutations in INHBA have been reported and overexpression of activin has been identified in several cancer types. However, there are reports of an anti-tumorigenic effect of the activin signal in many cancers, wherein activin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis mainly through Smad-dependent pathways, suggesting that INHBA may have context-specific effects on tumor progression.