GNA13
小结
GNA13编码蛋白（G蛋白亚基α13）是一种鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白（G蛋白），其作为各种跨膜信号系统中的调节剂或转导物。通过激活RhoA / ROCK信号传导途径促进肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移。在独立于Rho活化的过程中抑制CDH1介导的细胞粘附。GNA13一个重要的同源基因是GNA12。与GNA13相关的疾病包括弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤。
GNA13 is a guanine nucleotide binding protein that functions as a subunit of heterotrimeric G protein complexes. Heterotrimeric G proteins consist of an alpha subunit, such as GNA13 or GNA12, which bind and hydrolyze GTP to GDP, in concert with beta and gamma subunits. When bound to GDP, the GNA13 alpha subunit, along with the beta and gamma subunits, form an inhibitory complex; however, activated G protein-coupled receptor binding initiates a conformation change in GNA13, resulting in the exchange of GDP for GTP and release of the beta/gamma subunits. GTP-bound GNA13 now functions as an activated effector molecule mediating downstream signaling . GNA13 activates the small GTPase RhoA and RhoGEFs, which in turn mediate multiple signaling pathways that regulate migration, adhesion, apoptosis, and cellular proliferation. Loss of GNA13 expression in mice results in germinal center defects and B cell dissemination in the blood. Somatic GNA13 mutations are found in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt’s and Hodgkin lymphoma . These alterations predominantly occur as nonsense or frameshift loss-of-function mutations. GNA13 overexpression has also been implicated in cell proliferation and transformation in several types of solid tumors, including ovarian cancer.