FGF4
小结
FGF4是致癌基因，编码蛋白是一种FGF，属于人成纤维细胞生长因子家族。FGF4在生殖细胞肿瘤的生长或成熟状态中起关键作用。在成人和恶性组织中，FGF4表达受到严格调节。FGF4表达局限于未分化的人胚胎癌（EC）。在诱导分化期间，抑制FGF4表达。最初在胃癌或卡波西肉瘤的基因组DNA的NIH3T3转染测定中鉴定到。 在乳腺癌，头颈部鳞状细胞癌和食道，上皮卵巢肿瘤和膀胱癌中检测到FGF4基因扩增。
FGF4, an oncogenic growth factor, is amplified in a diverse range of cancers, most frequently in breast and head and neck cancers.FGF4 belongs to the human fibroblast growth factor family which was originally identified in NIH3T3 transfection assays using human stomach cancer or Kaposi sarcoma derived genomic DNA. In adult and malignant tissues, FGF4 expression is tightly regulated. FGF4 expression is restricted to undifferentiated human embryonal carcinomas (ECs). During induced differentiation, FGF4 expression is repressed. FGF4 gene amplification has been observed in numerous human carcinomas such as breast carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and the oesophagus, epithelial ovarian tumors and bladder cancers. FGF4 plays a key role in the growth or maturation states of germ cell tumors which is supported by the finding FGF4 expression occurs in a subset of clinical germ cell tumors, especially in those presenting with advanced state.