ERBB4
小结
ERBB4是原癌基因，编码蛋白是酪氨酸激酶受体（ERBB）家族的成员之一，ERBB4也叫HER4是跨膜受体，ERBB4与其配体（包括神经调节蛋白（NRG1-4），β细胞素（BTC），HB-EGF或表皮调节蛋白（EPR））的结合激活受体并启动下游信号传导途径，包括经典MAPK/PI3K / AKT / mTOR信号传导通路。ERBB4与其他ERBB同种型形成活性激酶二聚体，包括优先结合配偶体ERRB2。已经在黑素瘤，肺腺癌，胃癌和结直肠癌中检测出ERBB4的体细胞激活突变。然而，ERBB4在癌症中的作用尚未确定。乳腺癌细胞系的证据表明ERBB4不是介导ERBB2阳性乳腺癌中肿瘤发生所必需的，而是介导对ERBB2抑制剂的抗性。相反，一部分文献指出ERBB4在乳腺癌中的起生长抑制作用。
ERBB4 (also HER4) is a transmembrane receptor that is a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR, ERBB2, and ERBB3. Binding of ERBB4 by its ligands, including neuregulins (NRG1-4), betacellulin (BTC), HB-EGF or epiregulin (EPR), activates the receptor and initiates downstream signaling pathways including the canonical MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascades. ERBB4 forms active kinase dimers with other ERBB isoforms, including the preferential binding partner ERRB2. Somatic activating mutations in ERBB4 have been identified in melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, gastric, and colorectal cancers; however, the role of ERBB4 in cancer is not well established. Evidence in breast cancer cell lines suggests that ERBB4 is not required for mediating tumorigenesis in ERBB2-positive breast cancer but rather for mediating resistance to ERBB2 inhibitors. Conversely, a subset of literature points to a growth-suppressive role for ERBB4 in breast cancer.