CHEK2是抑癌基因，编码蛋白 (Checkpoint Kinase 2)是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶（细胞内激酶），在DNA损伤检查点通路中起着不可或缺的作用，并防止受损细胞继续通过细胞周期。CHEK2被ATR和ATM激酶通过磷酸化而激活，用来响应DNA损伤。一旦被激活，CHEK2充当效应激酶，介导下游信号传导，其导致多种细胞应答包括细胞周期检查点激活，细胞周期停滞，DNA修复和/或细胞凋亡。CHEK2在有丝分裂过程中通过维持染色体稳定性也起到重要的作用。鉴于其在维持基因组稳定性中的作用，CHEK2的改变存在于在一系列的癌症中，包括胶质母细胞瘤、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、甲状腺癌和肺癌。CHEK2中的胚系突变也与乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结肠癌的患病风险增加有关。

CHEK2 (Checkpoint Kinase 2) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an integral role in the DNA damage checkpoint pathway and prevents damaged cells from continuing through the cell cycle. In response to DNA damage, CHEK2 is activated by the kinases ATR and ATM via phosphorylation . Once activated, CHEK2 acts as an effector kinase, mediating downstream signaling that leads to a diverse range of cellular responses, including cell cycle checkpoint activation, cell cycle arrest and DNA repair and/or apoptosis. CHEK2 also plays an important role during mitosis by maintaining chromosomal stability. Given its role in maintaining genomic stability, CHEK2 alterations are found in a range of cancers including glioblastoma, breast, ovarian, prostate, colorectal, gastric, thyroid, and lung cancer. Germline mutations in CHEK2 have been associated with an increased risk of breast, prostate, and colon cancers.

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