CD274
小结
CD274基因编码程序性死亡配体1（PD-L1），其是共刺激免疫受体配体家族的成员。 PD-L1通过与PD-1细胞表面受体结合来抑制免疫应答，PD-1细胞表面受体由T细胞，B细胞和天然杀伤细胞表达。 PD-L1通过抑制T细胞反应使肿瘤细胞逃避宿主免疫系统。已经在一些肿瘤类型中鉴定了PD-L1的扩增或过表达，并且可以预测对免疫疗法的反应，表明PD-L1起致癌基因的作用。患有表达PD-L1的肿瘤个体应考虑进行免疫检查点治疗。
The CD274 gene encodes programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a member of a family of co-stimulatory immune receptor ligands. PD-L1 acts to inhibit an immune response by binding to the PD-1 cell surface receptor, which is expressed by T cells, B cells and natural killer cells. PD-L1 allows tumor cells to evade the host immune system by suppressing the T cell response. Amplification or overexpression of PD-L1 has been identified in some tumor types and can be predictive of responses to immunotherapy, suggesting that PD-L1 functions as an oncogene. Individuals with tumors expressing PD-L1 should be considered for immune checkpoint therapy. Atezolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting PD-L1, is FDA approved for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose disease progressed during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy. Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, is considered first-line therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer and metastatic melanomas that express PD-L1, and may be efficacious in other tumors that express PD-L1. Nivolumab, an FDA-approved monoclonal antibody that targets PD-1, is also effective in tumors with high PD-L1 expression due to the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and activation of a robust immune response.