B2M
小结
B2M是抑癌基因，编码蛋白（β2-微球蛋白）是人类白细胞抗原（HLA）I类分子的组分，其由所有有核细胞表达。B2M用作MHC I类分子的轻链，其功能是将源自细胞蛋白的肽呈递给CD8+T淋巴细胞，这是对适应性免疫应答至关重要的过程。小鼠模型中B2M的缺失导致MHC I类呈递和所有CD8+T细胞的丧失。已在结直肠癌和黑素瘤中检测到体细胞B2M功能丧失突变，并且预测其导致免疫逃逸。升高的血清B2M是许多血液恶性肿瘤，特别是多发性骨髓瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤的不良预后的强预后指标，但相关性的确切机制尚不完全清楚。
B2M (beta2-microglobulin) is a component of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule that is expressed by all nucleated cells. Specifically, B2M serves as the light chain of the MHC class I molecule, which functions to present peptides derived from cellular proteins to CD8+ T lymphocytes, a process critical to adaptive immune responses. Deletion of B2M in mice results in loss of MHC class I presentation and all CD8+ T cells. Somatic B2M loss-of-function mutations have been identified in colorectal cancer and melanoma and are predicted to result in immune evasion. Elevated serum B2M is a strong prognostic indicator of poor outcomes in many hematological malignancies, particularly multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, although the precise mechanism underlying this correlation is not fully understood.