ALK
小结
ALK是致癌基因，编码一种受体酪氨酸激酶，编码蛋白是胰岛素受体家族的成员。与ALK结合的配体导致下游信号传导的激活，包括JAK-STAT，RAS-MAPK，PI3K-mTOR和JUN途径。 ALK信号传导在神经系统发育以及细胞生长，分化和转化的调节中起重要作用。 ALK易位在癌症中是常见的变异形式，60%的间变性大细胞淋巴癌（ALCLs）存在NPM1-ALK融合；3-5％的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）存在EML4-ALK融合。另外，在多种肿瘤类型中发现ALK易位，包括炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤（IMT），神经母细胞瘤和横纹肌肉瘤等。
ALK is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is a member of the insulin receptor family. Ligand binding to ALK results in activation of downstream signaling including the JAK-STAT, RAS-MAPK, PI3K-mTOR and JUN pathways. ALK signaling plays an important role in nervous system development as well as regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and transformation. ALK translocations are common in cancer and predominantly result in the constitutive activation of ALK kinase activity. The nucleophosmin (NPM1)-ALK fusion protein is found in 60% of anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) while the EML4-ALK fusion protein is found in 3-5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additional ALK translocations have been found in a variety of tumor types including inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.