AKT2
小结
AKT2是致癌基因，编码丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶，是一种细胞内激酶，其是PI3K信号传导途径中的关键下游效应子。AKT2、AKT1和AKT3是AGC激酶家族的成员。活化的AKT参与细胞周期进展和增加细胞的迁移、分化和葡萄糖稳态。当其pleckstrin同源结构域（PHD）从激酶结构域（KD）脱落时，AKT2活化发生，定位于细胞膜，并且其若干关键残基被磷酸化。AKT2在许多癌症中被激活，主要通过扩增19q13.1-q13.2染色体区域或过表达，促进侵袭和转移；在各种癌症类型中通过突变或扩增而改变。AKT2的胚系突变与人类的家族性糖尿病相关。
The AKT2 protein is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is a critical downstream effector in the PI3K signaling pathway. AKT2, along with closely related AKT1 and AKT3, are members of the AGC kinase family. Effects of AKT activation include cell cycle progression and increased migration, differentiation and glucose homeostasis. AKT2 activation occurs when its pleckstrin homology domain (PHD) dislodges from the kinase domain (KD), localizes to the cell membrane, and several of its key residues become phosphorylated. AKT2 is an oncogene that is activated in numerous cancers, mostly through amplification of the 19q13.1-q13.2 chromosomal region or overexpression, which promote invasion and metastasis. Germline autosomal dominant mutations in AKT2 are associated with familial diabetes mellitus in humans.